The Effect of Dysmenorrhea Exercise on Reducing Primary Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) in Adolescent Girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia

Dysmenorrhea exercise is a type of exercise or physical exercise specifically designed to help reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea or severe menstrual pain. Dysmenorrhea is a common condition in most women and can cause pain, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and other discomfort during the menstrual period. This study aimed to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercise on reducing primary menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia. This study is experimental research with a pre-post-test approach. This study uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents. A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study, where the research subjects met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for the study were women of childbearing age with complaints of dysmenorrhoea at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia, who were willing to participate in this study. This study shows that dysmenorrhea exercise intervention is effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea sufferers. There was a decrease in pain intensity after dysmenorrhea exercise and it was stated to be statistically different, p<0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of dysmenorrhea exercises on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia.


Introduction
Dysmenorrhea is a medical term used to describe abdominal pain or cramps that occur during menstruation.This is a common condition experienced by many women at some point in their lives, especially during adolescence and early adulthood.
Dysmenorrhea can occur as mild to severe symptoms and usually occurs for several days during the menstrual period.Primary dysmenorrhea is a form of dysmenorrhea that has no obvious medical cause.

A B S T R A C T
Dysmenorrhea exercise is a type of exercise or physical exercise specifically designed to help reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea or severe menstrual pain.Dysmenorrhea is a common condition in most women and can cause pain, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and other discomfort during the menstrual period.This study aimed to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercise on reducing primary menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia.This study is experimental research with a pre-post-test approach.This study uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents.A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study, where the research subjects met the inclusion criteria.The inclusion criteria for the study were women of childbearing age with complaints of dysmenorrhoea at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia, who were willing to participate in this study.This study shows that dysmenorrhea exercise intervention is effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea sufferers.There was a decrease in pain intensity after dysmenorrhea exercise and it was stated to be statistically different, p<0.05.In conclusion, there is an effect of dysmenorrhea exercises on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia.
back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, or general weakness.Non-prescription analgesics such as ibuprofen or naproxen are commonly used treatment options to relieve menstrual pain in primary dysmenorrhea.[3] Dysmenorrhea exercise is a type of exercise or

Methods
This study is experimental research with a prepost-test approach and uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents.A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study, where the research subjects met the inclusion criteria.The inclusion criteria for the study were women of childbearing age with complaints of dysmenorrhea at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia, who were willing to take part in this study.The intervention provided is in the form of dysmenorrhea exercises at least twice a day during complaints of dysmenorrhea.
Assessment and diagnosis of dysmenorrhea are carried out by health workers and professionals.
Assessment of the effectiveness of giving warm compresses for dysmenorrhea was carried out using a visual analog scale (VAS).Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 software.Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out in this study.
Univariate analysis was carried out to present the frequency distribution of each data variable test.
Bivariate analysis was carried out to test the effectiveness of the intervention for dysmenorrhea complaints, with a p-value <0.05.

Results and Discussion
Table 1 presents the effectiveness of the pre and post-test interventions.This study shows that dysmenorrhea exercise intervention is effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea sufferers.
There was a decrease in pain intensity after dysmenorrhea exercise, and it was stated to be statistically different, p<0.05.
Primary dysmenorrhea generally begins after a teenager first experiences menstruation (menarche) and may become milder as time goes by.Pain in primary dysmenorrhea usually occurs due to strong uterine contractions when the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus) is expelled during menstruation.Symptoms may include lower abdominal cramps, back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or headaches.Although primary dysmenorrhea has no clear medical cause, several factors have been linked to the appearance of symptoms, including hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, excessive production of prostaglandins (chemicals that cause uterine contractions), and genetic factors.The pain felt by women with primary dysmenorrhea can vary from mild to very severe.Some women only feel pain for a few hours, while others can feel it for several days.In addition to lower abdominal cramps, which can feel https://doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v4i5.374 physical exercise specifically designed to help reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea or severe menstrual pain.Dysmenorrhea is a common condition in most women and can cause pain, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and other discomfort during the menstrual period.Dysmenorrhea exercises aim to reduce the intensity and frequency of menstrual pain and improve the quality of life of affected women.Gentle stretching exercises can help reduce tension in the abdominal and lower back muscles, which is often the cause of menstrual pain.Stretching can focus on the thigh, hip, and abdominal muscles.Aerobic physical activity such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming can help improve blood circulation, release endorphins (natural pain-reducing hormones), and reduce discomfort during menstruation.Meditation practices and relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, can help reduce stress and tension, which can worsen dysmenorrhea symptoms.Strengthening core muscles such as the abdominal muscles and lower back can help increase support in the abdominal area and reduce menstrual pain. 4-6This study aimed to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercise on reducing primary menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia.
When a woman experiences dysmenorrhea, the muscles in the abdominal and pelvic area often tense and contract strongly.This can increase muscle tension and make the pain worse.Stretching exercises involving these muscles can help relax them, reduce excessive muscle contractions, and relieve pain.Stretching exercises can also increase the flexibility of the muscles around the pelvis and abdomen.Muscles that are more flexible are more likely to change position and lengthen more easily, which can help reduce tension and cramping during menstruation.Stretching exercises can also increase blood flow to affected areas, including the uterus and pelvic area.Better blood flow can aid in the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to these tissues, which can relieve discomfort and reduce pain.Apart from relaxing physical muscles, relaxation exercises can also help in relaxing the mind and relieving stress.Stress can worsen dysmenorrhea symptoms, and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and meditation can help reduce them.By reducing the intensity and frequency of menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea exercises that include stretching and relaxation can improve the quality of life of women who experience dysmenorrhea.They can carry out daily activities more comfortably during their menstrual period.Dysmenorrhea exercises usually include stretching exercises specifically designed for the abdominal, pelvic, and lower back muscles.This can include movements such as hip stretches, for the abdominal and pelvic muscles.This helps relax muscles that may become tight or tight during menstruation, which can reduce the pain and tension associated with lower abdominal cramps.Exercise in dysmenorrhea exercises can also increase blood circulation to the abdominal and pelvic areas.This increases the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues in the area, helping to reduce discomfort and improve the healing process.Strong and excessive contractions of the uterus are one of the main causes of lower abdominal cramps during menstruation.Dysmenorrhea exercises can help reduce the intensity of these contractions, which in turn can reduce menstrual pain.Physical activity in gymnastics can stimulate the release of endorphins, which are feel-good hormones.It can help reduce stress and improve mood, which can help their body awareness of changes in their body during menstruation.This can help them identify early signs of lower abdominal cramps and take preventive measures or perform exercises before the pain becomes very severe. 10-12Strong core muscles can provide better structural support for the organs in the pelvis, including the uterus.This can help address structural changes that occur during menstruation, such as strong uterine contractions, thereby reducing pain.Core muscle exercises can help improve posture.Good posture can help reduce pressure on the abdominal area and lower back, which can help relieve discomfort during menstruation.By strengthening core muscles, patients can also reduce muscle tension throughout the body, including in the abdominal and pelvic areas.Excessive muscle tension can worsen menstrual pain, and core muscle exercises can help overcome this problem.Core muscle strength can also improve pelvic stability, which can help reduce changes in the position of the uterus that may occur during menstruation.This can reduce pressure on the tissues around the pelvis and reduce pain.By improving core muscle strength, women can feel stronger and better able to cope with the physical changes that occur during menstruation.This can improve their quality of life during the menstrual period.Core muscle exercises that are generally recommended in dysmenorrhea exercises involve movements such as crunches, leg lifts, and plank exercises.It aims to strengthen the abdominal muscles, lower back, and pelvic area.[13][14][15]

Table 1 .
Effectiveness of pre and post-test interventions.