Community Medicine and Education Journal

Assessing Lean Thinking in Hospital: A Conceptual Framework

2023-11-01T08:24:57+00:00

Currently, the lean thinking system has not been implemented in all hospitals in Indonesia, where there is a lot of waste that affects the low quality of service and patient safety. The aims of this study is to develop a conceptual framework as a basis for quantitative assessment of lean thinking systems in Indonesian Hospitals to improve services, increase patient satisfaction and improve hospital quality. In preparing the conceptual framework for the quantitative assessment model of the lean thinking system index, a literature study was carried out through a literature search for journals from several countries and textbooks using the keywords "lean thinking" and "hospital". Literature review was conducted through several data sources, including ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. The types of literature were research articles with range of years 2012–2022. In total, 86 articles were obtained. The next stage includes screening, checking for duplication of articles and filtering articles based on inclusion criteria, so that there are 8 articles remaining. The 8 articles were reviewed to create a new conceptual framework. The result of the study is lean thinking model designed based on current conditions, expected future conditions, implements lean thinking, and maintains it with continuous improvement. This model is still in the early stages of research and forms the basis for the preparation of subsequent instruments. Currently the model is used in the hospital where the author works. The proposed conceptual framework can become the necessary basis for index development, which can then be used as a basis for further policy interventions to improve services in hospitals. In the end, this model can also improve quality and patient satisfaction.

The Relationship between Self-Confidence and Teeth Stain Caused by Coffee Consumption and Smoking on Dentistry Student of Universitas Prima Indonesia

2023-11-23T07:16:27+00:00

Teeth stains occur due to the presence of polyphenol compounds that provide color to beverages, together with inadequate oral hygiene that leads to the formation of calculus and plaque. In addition to coffee, cigarettes are also a contributing factor to the formation of stains. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between self-confidence in dentistry students of Universitas Prima Indonesia and teeth staining from smoking and coffee use. This study is a cross-sectional analytical-observational investigation. This study utilizes original data acquired from research participants. This study involved a cohort of 53 research subjects. The data analysis was conducted using the univariate and bivariate methods in SPSS version 25. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant disparity in the average tooth discoloration across individuals with varying levels of self-confidence (p=0.0001; p≤0.05). The findings of this study indicate a correlation between students' self-assurance and alterations in tooth color resulting from smoking and coffee consumption.

Antibacterial Effects of Star Fruit Extract Against Streptococcus sanguinis

2023-11-29T08:59:07+00:00

Streptococus sanguinis is a pioneer bacteria that colonize the oral cavity, plays a role in plaque formation, and contributes to the development of dental caries. Plaque control is needed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that cause caries by using herbal plants such as starfruit. The aim of the research was to determine whether or not there was an antibacterial effect of starfruit extract (Averrahoa bilimbilin).) against the bacteria Streptococus sanguinis. This research includes laboratory experiments with the sample as a pure culture of Streptococus sanguinis obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of North Sumatra University Hospital. There were 5 treatment groups (starfruit extract concentration 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%), positive control (chlorhexidine 0.2%), and negative control (DMSO). The antibacterial effect was tested using the disc diffusion method. Then, the data was analyzed using statistical tests, one-way ANOVA, and, after this, LSD. The research results were obtained mean, and standard deviation of the diameter of the inhibition zone of star fruit extract, concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and positive control for bacteria Streptococus sanguinis were 7.05 ± 0.192 mm, 9.38 ± 0.171 mm, 13.38 ± 0.171 mm, 14.30 ± 0.216 mm, and 14.38 ± 0.096 mm, while the concentration of star fruit extract was 6.25% and the negative control no inhibition zone was found. Test results from one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant antibacterial effect of star fruit extract against the bacteria Streptococus sanguinis (p≤0.05). Test results after this LSD found that the antibacterial effect of the 75% concentration extract was not significant with the positive control, and the 6.25% concentration was not significant with the negative control (p>0.05). From the research results, it can be concluded that the higher the concentration of the extract, the higher the antibacterial effect, with the most effective concentration being 75% and the MIC at a concentration of 12.5%.

The Effect of Strawberries as a Natural Teeth Whitening Agent on Tooth Surface Roughness: In Vitro Study

2023-12-04T02:29:09+00:00

Teeth whitening due to discoloration can be achieved by methods of bleaching. The material used in bleaching conventional methods can have effects on hard tooth tissue, such as increasing tooth surface roughness. Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) have long been known for being effective in whitening teeth. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of strawberries as a natural teeth whitening agent on tooth surface roughness in vitro. This research is an in vitro experiment. The samples were 24 first premolars of the upper jaw and lower jaw, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 (strawberry juice 100%) and group 2 (carbamide peroxide 10%). Testing tooth surface roughness using tools surface roughness tester, then the data was analyzed using statistical test paired t-test and Mann-Whitney. The results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation of tooth surface roughness before and after application of strawberry fruit juice was 0.37 ± 0.156 and 0.22 ± 0.129, while the 10% carbamide peroxide group obtained the value of tooth surface roughness before and after application was 0.36 ± 0.118 and 0.37 ± 0.263.

The Role of Physical Activity in Menopausal Women

2023-12-04T04:59:38+00:00

Menopause is the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle due to decreased ovarian function, resulting in a decrease in follicles. A person is said to be experiencing menopause if they do not experience menstruation for 12 months. Symptoms that occur during menopause include somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms. Exercise has many benefits for body health. Exercise, such as regular physical activity, is considered to reduce complaints during menopause. This study aims to identify the relationship between various physical activities and menopausal symptoms in women aged 50-60 years in the working area of the Ujunggading Health Center. This research uses a correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach model with a sample size of 75 respondents using the nonprobability sampling method, namely using purposive sampling, data collection using GPAQ and MRS questionnaires, and data analysis using correlation tests. The results of the research from 75 respondents showed that the frequency distribution of the characteristics of respondents with the highest occupation was as a housewife, namely 23 people (30.7%), the highest education was junior high school, namely 20 people (26.7%), and the highest duration of menopause was 5-7 years, namely 36 people (48.0%). Shows that many respondents have physical activity in the moderate category 54 (72%), and many respondents experience menopausal symptoms in the moderate category 37 (49.3%). There is a relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms with a p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05). There is a relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms where the higher the physical activity carried out, the less menopausal symptoms are felt, menopausal symptoms can be reduced by routinely doing activities and exercising for 15 to 60 minutes every day.

The Relationship between Introvert and Extrovert Personality Types and Stress Levels in the Class of 2020 Students, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia

2023-12-04T05:44:46+00:00

Personality is defined as the overall pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that is often used in terms of adaptation to life. So that certain people can handle stress problems they have experienced for years by resolving threatening problems and situations, both behaviorally and cognitively. This study aims to determine the relationship between introvert and extrovert personality types and stress levels in students in the class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia. The research was conducted in July-September 2023. The type of research is descriptive observational. The population covered in the study were students from the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, totaling 63 samples using purposive sampling techniques. Univariate data analysis is presented in the form of frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using tests of Chi-square data processing using the computerized IBM version 25.0 SPSS program. More than half of the students of the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia have an introverted personality type, namely 42 people (66.7%), almost half of the students of the 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia have a moderate level of stress, namely 25 people (39.7%) and there are relationship between introverted personality type and moderate stress levels in 2020 students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia (p=0.004). There is a relationship between introvert and extrovert personality types and stress levels in students in the class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia.

The Relationship Between Toothbrushing Habits and the Prevalence of Caries and Calculus in School-Age Children Grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra, Indonesia

2023-12-27T01:58:41+00:00

School-aged children constitute a demographic that encounters dental and oral health issues. Poor oral and dental hygiene is associated with the development of caries and calculus. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between teeth brushing practices and the occurrence of dental caries and calculus in elementary school children from grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research conducted at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District, is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 64 elementary school pupils enrolled at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District. The students were from grades 1 to 6. The data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires and the physical inspection of the mouth cavity and teeth. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was employed to examine the data. The research findings indicated that the mean calculus score for students was 1.40 ± 0.74, which falls within the category of moderate calculus. On the other hand, the average scores for caries DEFT and DMFT among students were 2.02 ± 2.36 and 1.42 ± 2.06, respectively, placing them in the low caries category. Out of the total number of students, 29 (45.3%) had sufficient tooth-brushing habits, while 19 kids (29.7%) had commendable tooth-brushing practices. Only 16 students (25%) had inadequate tooth-brushing habits. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant association (p≤0.05) between teeth brushing behaviors and the occurrence of caries and calculus in school-age children in grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research findings indicate a direct relationship between poor tooth-brushing habits and increased levels of calculus and caries.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Internal Quality Assurance System in Higher Education: A Case Study at the Bakti Asih Polytechnic, Purwakarta, Indonesia

2024-01-08T04:16:55+00:00

Universities establish policies, standards, and quality assurance instruments. The IQAS (internal quality assurance system) policy is the general direction and policy of higher education institutions in implementing quality assurance. IQAS standards are criteria used to assess the quality of higher education implementation. The IQAS instrument is a tool used to collect data and information to assess the quality of higher education implementation. This study aims to conduct an analysis and study of the implementation of the internal quality assurance system in higher education: a case study at the Bakti Asih Polytechnic, Purwakarta, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Research data was obtained through interviews, observation, and document analysis. Data obtained through interviews, observation, and document analysis were then analyzed qualitatively. Qualitative analysis is carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Overall, the implementation of IQAS at the Bakti Asih Polytechnic Purwakarta has gone well. However, efforts are needed to improve the communication and socialization of IQAS, as well as regular monitoring and evaluation of IQAS.

Antibacterial Effect of Starfruit Extract (Averrhoa blimbi L.) against Streptococcus mutans

2024-01-12T02:59:06+00:00

Dental caries is caused by gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans, which is part of the normal flora of the mouth. Herbal medicines have powerful antibacterial compounds that can be used to limit the growth of germs that cause infections. The aim of the research was to determine whether starfruit extract (Averrhoa blimbi L.) has antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans. This type of research uses a posttest only control group design in the laboratory. Streptococcus mutans in pure culture were used as the research sample. This study had two control groups, one with four repetitions of DMSO as a negative control and one with a positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), and four treatment groups with starfruit extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80 %). The disc diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial effect. One-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD statistical tests were then used to test the results. The results showed that, for Streptococus mutans bacteria, the mean and standard deviation of the diameter of the inhibition zone of starfruit extract at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% were 12.03 ± 0.33 mm, 16.70 ± 0, 48 mm, 19.98 ± 0.13 mm, 22.25 ± 0.26 mm, and 19.25 ± 0.91 mm in the positive control, but no zone of inhibition was observed in the negative control. The width of the inhibition zone in starfruit extract (Averrahoa blimbi L.) at doses of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, positive control, and negative control was significantly different, according to the results of the one-way ANOVA test (p=0.000; p≤ 0.05). Antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans varied significantly (p≤0.05) among all star fruit extract groups and positive and negative controls, based on LSD post hoc test findings. Based on the research results, it can be said that star fruit extract at the most effective concentration, namely 80%, has antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans.

The Relationship between the Level of Satisfaction of Dental Students in the Appearance of Anterior Teeth in Terms of Orthodontic Treatment at Universitas Prima Indonesia

2024-01-15T01:32:20+00:00

One aspect of appearance that increases self-confidence among students is having an aesthetic smile. To achieve this, it is important to pay attention to the anterior teeth because the appearance of the teeth determines aesthetic appeal. If the anterior teeth experience malocclusion, this has an impact on reducing the level of self-confidence, creating difficulty interacting socially, and creating dissatisfaction with the appearance of the anterior teeth for students. To fill the gap, this study aims to further investigate the relationship between the satisfaction level of the dental education undergraduate study program in the appearance of anterior teeth in terms of orthodontic treatment at Universitas Prima Indonesia. A total of 44 respondents were students of the dental education undergraduate study program who were sampled in the study using the online survey method. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis through SPSS v.24. There is a significant relationship between fixed orthodontic treatment and the satisfaction of the appearance of the anterior teeth of UNPRI dental education undergraduate students.

The Relationship between Instant Noodle Consumption and Dental Caries in a Boarder in Medan, Indonesia

2024-01-15T05:39:54+00:00

This research is motivated by the fact that food, as a food substrate, plays an important role in the development of dental caries. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the main components of the human diet. One of the most effective and cheap fast foods is instant noodles. Consuming instant noodles for a long period of time and not having your teeth checked regularly by going to the dentist can result in various problems in the oral cavity. This research looks at the relationship between instant noodle consumption and caries in a boarder in the city of Medan in 2023. The type of research used includes observational analytics. The results of the research show that most children have consumption habits of instant noodles in the medium category, namely 7 boarders. Most boarders had a caries incidence in the medium category with a total of 9 boarders. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a relationship between the habit of consuming instant noodles and dental caries. The higher the habit of consuming instant noodles, the higher the potential for dental caries.

The Effect of One-Sided Chewing Habits on the Occurrence of Caries, Calculus, and Oral Status Hygiene in Students of SMP Islam Terpadu Nurul Fadhilah, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia

2024-01-15T05:53:30+00:00

Worldwide, 45–97% of people chew food with only one side of their mouth. It is possible that chewing may act as a natural cleanser. One side of the mouth is more susceptible to the development of calculus and plaque when chewing, while the other side naturally removes debris and improves hygiene. Chewing behavior on one side causes a buildup of food detritus, resulting in low oral status. This study aims to explore the influence of one-sided chewing habits on the occurrence of caries, calculus, and oral status hygiene in Students of SMP Islam Terpadu Nurul Fadhilah Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. This study is an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional approach. This study uses primary data obtained from observations of the subject study. A total of 50 research subjects took part in this study. The incidence of caries, calculus, and oral hygiene status is influenced by one-sided chewing patterns. One-sided chewing patterns increase the caries index calculus index and reduce oral hygiene status.

Differences in Saliva pH of Users and Non-users of Fixed Orthodontic Wire in Dental Students (FKG UNPRI)

2024-01-29T04:47:03+00:00

Fixed orthodontics corrects malocclusion, which can compromise facial aesthetics. Nevertheless, the utilization of this orthodontic apparatus presents the potential for plaque buildup stemming from the colonization of microorganisms, which may influence the pH of saliva. The purpose of the research was to compare the pH levels of the saliva of individuals who utilized fixed orthodontic wires to those who did not. The design of this survey-analytic, cross-sectional study is survey-based. Sixty-two FKG UNPRI students who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria comprised the sample. We divided these students into two groups: one group utilized fixed orthodontic wires, while the other group did not. To determine the pH of saliva, submerge the pH paper tip into the saliva. If a color change occurs, modify the pH paper using a saliva pH indicator. Following the collection of all the data, an analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the Mann-Whitney statistical test. The study findings indicated that individuals who utilized fixed orthodontic wires had an average saliva pH of 6.16 ± 0.735, whereas those who did not use the devices had a saliva pH of 7.19 ± 0.543. According to the findings of the Mann-Whitney statistical test, a statistically significant distinction in saliva pH was observed between individuals who utilized fixed orthodontic wires and those who did not (p = 0.000; p<0.05). In conclusion, users of fixed orthodontic wires have, on average, a lower salivary pH than non-users.