Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews

Antioxidant Activity of Cubeb Fruit Extract (Piper cubeba L.) Using the ABTS Method and Determining Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Levels

2024-05-27T07:58:00+00:00

Cubeb fruit (Piper cubeba L.) is a plant that is rich in flavonoid compounds and has the potential to be a source of natural antioxidants. Free radicals can cause various dangerous diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content of ethanol extract of fruit cubes using the ABTS method. Cubeb fruit is extracted with ethanol using the maceration method. The antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using the ABTS and Trolox methods as a comparison. Total flavonoid levels were determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using gallic acid and quercetin as a comparison. The total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of cubed fruit was 3.5302 ± 0.0918 mgQE and the total phenolic content was 183.0396 ± 0.991 mgGAE. The IC₅₀ value of the ethanol extract of cubed fruit was 82.1023 ± 0.072062 µg/mL and trolox 20.1368 ± 0.2367 µg/mL. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of cubed fruit has strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ in the range 50-100 µg/mL) and is rich in total flavonoids.

The Effectiveness of Adaptive Coping Strategies for Work Stress: A Meta-Analysis

2024-06-24T04:26:22+00:00

Work stress is a significant global health problem, negatively impacting employee physical and mental health as well as company productivity. Adaptive coping strategies can be an important intervention in reducing the negative effects of work stress. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive coping strategies in reducing work stress and improving employee well-being through meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted on electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify randomized controlled studies (RCTs) published between 2018 and 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria (working adult participants, adaptive coping strategy interventions, outcomes work stress and/or well-being) data were extracted and analyzed using a random effects model. Twenty-five RCTs involving 4,852 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that adaptive coping strategies significantly reduce work stress (pooled effect size = -0.45, 95% CI [-0.58, -0.32], p < 0.001) and improve well-being (pooled effect size = 0.38, 95% CI [0.25, 0.51], p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Subgroup analyzes revealed that adaptive coping strategies focused on problem-solving, social support, and relaxation had the greatest effectiveness. Adaptive coping strategies are effective in reducing work stress and improving employee well-being. These findings support the implementation of adaptive coping strategies as an occupational health intervention to reduce the negative impact of work stress.

Long-Term Comparative Effectiveness of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) in High-Risk Aortic Stenosis Patients: A Meta-Analysis

2024-07-10T01:06:12+00:00

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). This meta-analysis aims to compare the long-term outcomes of TAVR and SAVR in this population. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to December 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing TAVR and SAVR with a minimum follow-up of one year were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and rehospitalization. Twenty-three studies involving 15,482 patients (TAVR=7,785, SAVR=7,697) were included. The mean follow-up period was 3.2 years (range 1-5 years). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between TAVR and SAVR (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09, p=0.63). Similarly, there were no differences in cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96-1.15, p=0.28), stroke (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.10, p=0.75), or MI (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82-1.08, p=0.39). However, TAVR was associated with a lower rate of rehospitalization (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93, p=0.001). TAVR is a viable alternative to SAVR in high-risk patients with AS, demonstrating comparable long-term survival and safety outcomes. The reduced rehospitalization rate associated with TAVR may be an important consideration for these patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Pain Control after Surgery in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

2024-07-17T08:42:51+00:00

Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen is increasingly used in multimodal postoperative pain management. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of IV acetaminophen compared to placebo or other analgesics in adult surgical patients. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from January 2018 to December 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating IV acetaminophen for postoperative pain in adults were included. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and length of hospital stay. Twenty-three RCTs (n=4,128) were included. IV acetaminophen significantly reduced postoperative pain scores compared to placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.32; 95% CI -0.41 to -0.23) and opioid consumption (SMD -0.28; 95% CI -0.37 to -0.19). No significant difference was found in pain reduction between IV acetaminophen and other analgesics. IV acetaminophen was associated with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting compared to opioids. IV acetaminophen is an effective and safe analgesic for postoperative pain management in adults, reducing pain intensity and opioid consumption. It may also have a favorable adverse event profile compared to opioids.