Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews

Nutritional Deficiency and Dental Health: The Role of Phosphorus in Permanent Tooth Eruption

2024-11-28T07:51:14+00:00

Phosphorus is a vital mineral required for the proper mineralization of bones and teeth, particularly during childhood development. Deficiency in phosphorus intake can lead to delayed dental development, including the eruption of permanent teeth, which may result in oral health complications such as malocclusion and increased risk of dental caries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 children from SD N 15 Koto Lalang, Padang City. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the eruption status of their permanent canines: normal eruption and delayed eruption. Phosphorus intake was measured through dietary surveys, and statistical analysis, including the Mann-Whitney test, was applied to assess the relationship between phosphorus intake and tooth eruption timing. The median phosphorus intake in the normal eruption group was 597.30 mg, significantly higher than the 440.00 mg observed in the delayed eruption group (p = 0.000). The interquartile range (IQR) for the delayed group was narrower, suggesting a more uniform phosphorus deficiency. In conclusion, phosphorus deficiency is a significant factor contributing to delayed eruption of permanent teeth in children. Ensuring adequate phosphorus intake through proper nutrition is crucial for timely dental development and the prevention of long-term oral health issues. Further studies should explore the interaction of phosphorus with other micronutrients to provide a comprehensive understanding of its role in dental health.

Synergistic Antifungal Effects of Gardenia augusta and Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extracts Against Candida albicans: Implications for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis In Vitro Study

2025-01-06T01:49:24+00:00

Oral candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is a frequent fungal infection caused by Candida albicans that can lead to painful canker sores and more severe complications. Conventional treatments may have side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies. This study investigated the antifungal effects of Gardenia augusta and Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extracts against C. albicans in vitro. A post-test-only control group design was employed. Ethanolic extracts of G. augusta and A. bilimbi leaves were prepared. The antifungal activity of individual extracts and their combination (1:1 ratio) was evaluated against C. albicans using the agar well diffusion method. Ketoconazole (2%) served as the positive control, and 96% ethanol was the negative control. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Both G. augusta and A. bilimbi leaf extracts demonstrated significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, evidenced by clear inhibition zones. The combination of extracts exhibited a synergistic effect, producing a larger inhibition zone than either individual extract. In conclusion, G. augusta and A. bilimbi leaf extracts hold promise as potential alternative therapies for oral candidiasis. Their synergistic effect suggests a potential for enhanced efficacy in treating canker sores caused by C. albicans. Further research is warranted to explore their clinical application.

Intensive Care Management of Anaphylactic Shock Secondary to Wasp Stings: A Case Report

2025-01-10T04:08:49+00:00

Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical intervention. Wasp stings are a common trigger for anaphylaxis, and rapid administration of epinephrine is crucial in preventing fatal outcomes. This case report describes the successful intensive care management of a patient who developed anaphylactic shock following multiple wasp stings. A 51-year-old female presented to the emergency department with anaphylactic shock after being stung by multiple wasps. She exhibited severe angioedema, hypotension, and tachycardia. Immediate treatment included intramuscular epinephrine, intravenous corticosteroids, antihistamines, and fluid resuscitation. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring and supportive care. In conclusion, this case highlights the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylactic shock, particularly the administration of epinephrine. It also emphasizes the role of ICU monitoring in managing severe allergic reactions and preventing complications.

Family-Centered Approach to Malnutrition Management: A Case Study in Cikupa, Indonesia

2025-01-17T01:30:47+00:00

Malnutrition remains a significant public health issue globally, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. This case report describes the successful management of malnutrition in a 1-year-old child using a family-centered approach within the framework of family medicine principles. A 1-year-old male child presented to the Cikupa Health Center with a history of poor weight gain and recurrent infections. A comprehensive assessment using the Mandala health assessment revealed multiple contributing factors, including suboptimal breastfeeding practices, inadequate complementary feeding, poor environmental sanitation, and limited parental knowledge of nutrition and hygiene. A tailored management plan was implemented, encompassing nutritional interventions, deworming medication, education on hygiene and sanitation, and family support. The child showed positive outcomes, including improved weight gain, reduced frequency of infections, and enhanced growth and development trajectory. In conclusion, this case highlights the effectiveness of a family-centered approach in managing malnutrition. By addressing the interconnected biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors, healthcare providers can achieve sustainable improvements in child health and well-being.

eNOS, Cardiac Senescence, and Cardiovascular Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes

2025-01-21T05:47:22+00:00

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction is implicated in cardiac senescence, a hallmark of aging characterized by cellular decline and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This meta-analysis investigated the association between eNOS, cardiac senescence, and cardiovascular aging, exploring underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted for relevant studies published between 2013 and 2024. Studies investigating the relationship between eNOS, cardiac senescence markers (e.g., telomere length, p53, p16), and cardiovascular outcomes (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke) were included. Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects models. Nine studies (n=4,875 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between reduced eNOS activity and increased cardiac senescence markers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.20 to -0.50; p<0.001). Furthermore, eNOS dysfunction was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (relative risk [RR] = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.10; p=0.001). Molecular analysis indicated that eNOS dysfunction contributes to cardiac senescence through increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired autophagy. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides compelling evidence for the detrimental role of eNOS dysfunction in cardiac senescence and cardiovascular aging. Targeting eNOS may offer promising therapeutic strategies to mitigate age-related cardiovascular decline.