Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Bali: Patient Demographics, Clinical Manifestations, and Laboratory Findings

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a significant public health concern in tropical regions, including Bali, Indonesia. Understanding the patient demographics, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings associated with DHF is crucial for effective disease management and control. This study aimed to investigate these aspects in patients hospitalized with DHF at Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Bali. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with DHF between January and June 2024. Data collected included demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, disease severity, and hospital stay duration. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. A total of 410 patients were included, with a male predominance (54.9%). The most affected age group was 18-25 years (43.2%). Common clinical manifestations included fever (100%), headache (83.6%), myalgia (74%), and nausea/vomiting (56.3%). Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia (45.4% with platelet count <50,000/µL), leukopenia (74.3%), and elevated hematocrit (29.6%). Most patients presented with DHF grade I (65.1%), followed by grade II (31.7%). The median hospital stay was 4 days. DHF in Bali predominantly affects young adults, with males being more susceptible. The clinical presentation is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are common laboratory findings. The majority of patients experience mild to moderate disease severity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of DHF in Bali and can inform targeted public health interventions.