Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Ulcer Severity in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, frequently complicated by foot ulcers. These ulcers present a significant burden, often leading to amputation and increased mortality. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a readily available marker of systemic inflammation, has emerged as a potential prognostic indicator in various diseases. This study investigated the correlation between NLR and the severity of foot ulcers in patients with T2DM. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 60 patients with T2DM and foot ulcers admitted to Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, between January 1^st, 2022, and December 31^st, 2023. NLR was calculated from routine complete blood counts. Ulcer severity was graded using the Meggitt-Wagner classification. Statistical analysis included Spearman's rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Our study found a significant correlation observed between NLR and ulcer severity (ρ = 0.524, p < 0.001), with NLR values increasing with ulcer grade. Amputation was significantly associated with ulcer severity (p=0.009). In conclusion, NLR is a valuable and readily available biomarker for assessing the severity of foot ulcers in patients with T2DM. Elevated NLR is associated with more severe ulcers and a higher likelihood of amputation. Incorporating the assessment of NLR into the routine evaluation of patients with diabetic foot ulcers can aid in risk stratification and guide clinical management.