Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Nurses' Attitudes and Patient Safety Culture Implementation

Abstract

Patient safety is a critical global concern, with millions of adverse events occurring annually. Nurses' attitudes towards patient safety culture are pivotal in its successful implementation. This study aimed to assess the risk factors related to nurses' attitudes towards patient safety culture and its relationship with the implementation of patient safety culture in a public hospital dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in a public hospital dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the National Patient Safety Guidelines and the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety. The questionnaire assessed nurses' attitudes towards patient safety, the implementation of patient safety culture, and potential risk factors such as age, gender, years of experience, and workload. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 85 nurses participated in the study. The majority of nurses (81.2%) exhibited a moderate attitude towards patient safety, while 83.5% reported a moderate level of patient safety culture implementation. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a weak positive correlation (rho = 0.417, p = 0.01) between nurses' attitudes and the implementation of patient safety culture. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.24) and workload (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.33) as significant risk factors associated with a less positive attitude towards patient safety culture. In conclusion, while there is a positive relationship between nurses' attitudes and patient safety culture implementation, the relationship is weak. Age and workload were identified as significant risk factors for a less positive attitude towards patient safety culture. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address these risk factors and enhance nurses' attitudes, thereby strengthening patient safety culture in the hospital.