Corrections and Retractions

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions

AMCR protects the integrity and permanence of the scholarly record. Post-publication action is proportionate to the reliability, ethical status, and impact of the issue and follows applicable COPE guidance.

Corrections

Errors that do not invalidate the main findings may be corrected through a clearly labelled correction linked bidirectionally to the original article. The online article may be updated transparently with the correction date and notice; citation, DOI, and publication history remain traceable.

Expressions of Concern

An expression of concern may be published when serious questions exist but an investigation is incomplete, evidence is inconclusive, or institutional findings are delayed. It is linked to the article and replaced or updated when the matter is resolved.

Retractions

Retraction may be required when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, publication is redundant, research is unethical, consent is invalid, or plagiarism or manipulation materially affects the work. The retraction notice states the reason and responsible party when lawful, remains freely accessible, and links to the article. The article remains identifiable as retracted.

Removal and Versioning

Content removal is reserved for exceptional legal, safety, or privacy circumstances; a public notice remains. Silent replacement is not permitted. Authors, readers, and institutions may report concerns to editors.amcr@gmail.com.