Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli -LT Gene Expression in Pediatric Diarrhea Patients in Makassar City, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, particularly in children. The heat-labile toxin (LT) is a crucial virulence factor encoded by the LT gene. This study investigated the prevalence of ETEC LT gene expression in children with diarrhea in Makassar City, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023. Rectal swabs were collected from children under five years of age presenting with diarrhea at outpatient clinics in Makassar. DNA was extracted, and the presence of the ETEC LT gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographic and clinical data were collected via questionnaires. The ETEC LT gene was detected in 81 (18%) children. The prevalence was significantly higher in children under one year of age (51%) compared to older age groups. ETEC LT positive children were more likely to experience vomiting and fever. ETEC expressing the LT gene contributes to a significant proportion of pediatric diarrhea cases in Makassar. The higher prevalence in younger children highlights the vulnerability of this age group. These findings emphasize the need for improved sanitation and hygiene practices to reduce ETEC transmission.