Arkus corrects the scholarly record promptly, transparently, and proportionately when reliable evidence shows that a published record is inaccurate or unreliable.

Corrections

A correction is issued when an error affects interpretation, attribution, metadata, or part of the record but the main findings remain reliable. The notice states what changed, why, and the date, and is permanently linked to the article. The original article remains identifiable.

Retractions

A retraction may be issued for unreliable findings, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, unauthorized data, serious authorship problems, compromised peer review, or other grounds that invalidate the work. The retraction notice identifies the article and reason, distinguishes error from misconduct when known, remains freely accessible, and is bidirectionally linked to the article. The article is not silently removed.

Expressions of concern

An expression of concern may be used when credible serious questions remain unresolved, an investigation is inconclusive, or an institutional process is substantially delayed.

Versioning and metadata

Minor typographic changes that do not affect meaning may be corrected without a formal notice when permitted, but substantive changes require a dated notice. DOI and indexing metadata are updated as appropriate. Removal is reserved for exceptional legal, privacy, or immediate public-safety circumstances and is replaced by an explanatory notice.

Reporting a concern

Contact editor.arkus@gmail.com with the article DOI, specific concern, and evidence.