Authors

Authors must disclose material use of AI-assisted tools in writing, including the tool, purpose, and stage of use. Routine spelling or grammar correction need not be disclosed unless it changes scholarly content. Authors must verify all outputs, references, analyses, images, and permissions and must not use AI to fabricate or manipulate evidence.

Reviewers and editors

Unpublished manuscripts, reviews, correspondence, personal data, or confidential editorial material must not be uploaded to public or unapproved AI services. If an approved secure tool is used for limited assistance, the user remains responsible and must follow applicable disclosure, confidentiality, privacy, and conflict rules.

Images and data

AI-generated or AI-altered images, data, or evidence must not be presented as authentic research observations. Legitimate computational methods must be described reproducibly and distinguished from generative content.