Data sharing

Data, code, protocols, and other materials supporting the findings should be deposited in a trusted repository with a persistent identifier whenever feasible, lawful, and ethical. The statement should identify the repository and access conditions.

Restrictions

When sharing is limited by consent, privacy, law, contractual obligations, Indigenous data governance, or legitimate security concerns, authors must explain the restriction and provide a lawful access procedure where possible. "Available on request" should identify a responsible contact and any conditions.

Reproducibility and retention

Methods and analyses must be described sufficiently for evaluation and replication. Authors should retain source data and relevant records for the period required by law, funders, institutions, or discipline standards and supply them confidentially if needed for a legitimate editorial inquiry.